Academic
editing Business
editing Editing for publication Thesis & dissertation editing Scope of work
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Publishers use the terms proofreading, copyediting, and developmental editing very specifically, not exactly as they appear here. These quick definitions are rough, and the tasks tend to blend together. However, this terminology provides a useful starting point for our project discussion.
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Proofreading: Grammar and spelling check.
Proofreading assumes that all phrasing is exactly how the author wants it. We correct obvious errors but we do not adjust syntax or check facts. Proofreading examines - typos and spelling errors;
- basic grammar, punctuation, and spacing;
- numbering and labeling of lists, tables, or figures; and
- appropriate style formatting.
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Copyediting: Working out some bugs.
Copyediting includes proofreading tasks, plus attention to accuracy and readability. We lightly rework sentences, add some transitions, query apparent errors or omissions, and create a style sheet of vocabulary and typographic elements. Copyediting examines- usage errors such as subject-verb disagreement, incorrect tense, or nonparallel structure;
- in-text reference citations;
- cross-references and other details of accuracy; and
- consistency of voice and vocabulary.
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Developmental editing: Take it apart and put it back together.
Also known as substantive editing, developmental editing looks closely at the clarity and concision of an argument. In-depth work necessarily includes some elements of proofreading and copyediting; nonetheless, proper developmental editing usually requires multiple drafts, including both a separate copyediting draft and a final proofread. Developmental editing examines- manuscript outline;
- document flow and readability;
- errors of logic, fact, or syllogism;
- missing information or inconsistency; and
- wordiness, jargon, or passive voice.
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